URBANA, Ill. -- Increasing corn prices and lowering milk prices are causing dairy producers to think twice about what they feed their cows this spring.
"Dairy farmers can't afford to take cows off feed now because it takes too long to bring them back into full production," says Mike Hutjens, University of Illinois professor emeritus of animal sciences. "The good news is that dairy cattle have an advantage because they can utilize forages and byproduct feeds. The bad news is that the price of corn increases the price of alternatives as well."
Alternative feedstuffs such as distiller's grains, corn gluten, fuzzy cottonseed, alfalfa and hay may not be corn, but they all are in the same market, Hutjens adds. As nutrient prices go up in starch and energy, it drives the other prices up as well.
"Producers need to look at how much corn they should be feeding," Hutjens says. "For a dairy cow, 24 to 26 percent starch is the typical level. Producers can get that from hominy, corn silage or shelled corn. So the question becomes what are the more economical sources available at the farm?"
Alternative sources
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As prices go up, sugar becomes an alternative that can feed rumen bacteria (target 4 percent to 6 percent in the total ration dry matter). Another source is soluble fiber, or fiber that the rumen microbes can break down in the rumen (target 10 percent to 12 percent in the total ration dry matter).
"The bottom line that our producers need to realize is that you can't cheat the bacteria -- they don't read the farm magazines and know the price of corn went up to $7.60," Hutjens says. "They just know they need certain carbon structures in the rumen to produce. We never want to slow them down. As a result, they produce 80 percent of the cow's energy and 60 percent of her amino acids. Make sure rumen microbes are maxed out even if the price of corn appears to be high."
Corn still viable
Corn still is a good buy for producers today, Hutjens says. Sesame, a software program developed by Ohio State University, evaluates 30 different feedstuffs in the Midwest. It compares energy, protein forms and fiber sources to come up with a commonality that says what the feedstuff is worth.
"Believe it or not, corn is underpriced," he says. "We can afford to pay more than we are now when you look at all the other energy sources available. We can pay over $8 a bushel, and it's still a better buy than looking at most alternative feedstuffs, with the exception of corn silage and distiller's grains."
Corn distiller's grains need to be on the radar screen for dairy producers along with corn gluten feed, Hutjens says. Both of these feedstuffs are underpriced at this point. In fact, distiller's grain is underpriced by nearly $100 per ton.
"The big question producers want answered is how much distillers grain can they feed," he says. "I typically advise five pounds of distiller's grains dry matter per cow per day. It ends up being about 10 percent of the ration, and that prices out very economically."
While the price of corn is projected to remain very high through the summer months, the price of milk is projected to fall through the end of the calendar year. Hutjens suggests using Sesame to find the breakeven price at full feed.
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"High-producing cows fed correctly will make money in 2011 with $7-plus- bushel corn," he says.
Editor's Note: Shike is a media communications specialist for the College of Agricultural, Consumer and Environmental Sciences at the University of Illinois in Urbana.
